How do PFAS enter the environment?

PFAS can enter the environment in several ways. The main sources are:

• PFAS manufacturers. The production of PFAS generates waste at manufacturing plants. These substances can enter the environment through emissions to air and dumping into the water.
• Companies that use PFAS. PFAS are widely used by manufacturers to make materials grease- and water-repellent. PFAS can be released through waste, wastewater and emissions to air.
• Extinguishing fires with firefighting foam. The extinguishing foam in fire extinguishers often contains PFAS. Firefighters also use this type of firefighting foam when extinguishing certain types of fires.
• Waste treatment facilities, such as landfill sites, wastewater treatment plants and waste incinerators. These facilities process materials containing PFAS, which can be released during treatment.
• The use of certain types of pesticides. This can result in PFAS entering our food.
• The use of products containing PFAS. Our own behaviour can also contribute to PFAS entering the environment. We buy products that contain PFAS and eventually dispose of them. When this waste is incinerated, PFAS can be released into the environment.